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Editorial2022-04-30
편집자 주: 32권 1호
Editorial for Vol. 32, No. 1
Abstract : In Vol. 32, No. 1, our journal prepared 1 review article, 4 original articles, and 2 case reports. First, the Biomathematical Models for Aviation Fatigue Risk Management were introduced. Among the four original articles, it is possible to get insights into the management of cancer diseases in aviation workers, and it is expected to solve various problems in aerospace medicine through a research case using machine learning techniques. A similar trend was observed in the medical tourism along with the decrease of the aviation industry due to COVID-19. Hepatitis E infection can be occurred in both the public and aviation workers, and the management system was established in 2020 as a second-grade legal infectious disease in Korea. In two case reports, we introduced a case of the Phakic intraocular lenses insertion and a case of the acute myocardial infarction and pericardial effusion.
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Review Article2022-04-30
항공 피로위험관리를 위한 생체수리적 모델 접근 방안
A Study on the Biomathematical Model Approach for Aviation Fatigue Risk Management
Abstract : In the aviation sector, it is recommended to adopt an aviation safety management system (SMS) from international organizations (International Civil Aviation Organization, Federal Aviation Administration, etc.) and to apply a related system in each organization. Among them, fatigue management recommends fatigue risk management system (FRMS) operating as part of SMS proactive risk management. Advanced aviation organizations are developing and applying various related risk assessment techniques that consider characteristics in order to apply scientific and systematic FRMS. Among which the biomathematical fatigue model (BFM) are representative. The Bio-mathematical Model is designed to represent the level by converting it into a simple numerical score, taking into account various related factors for the measurement object. The BFM is tool to predict the level of fatigue of the crew based on scientific understanding of the factors that contribute to fatigue. The Biomathematical Model is used as a scientific approach that promotes the transition to a performance-based safety management. In this study, the recent trends and implications for the BFM developed and applied in the aviation field are to be reviewed. First, FRMS was considered within the SMS framework, then the characteristics and application methods of the BFM were examined, and finally, the direction of the development of the BFM was suggested.
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Original Article2022-04-30
항공 신체검사 증명을 받은 국내 항공 종사자 암 질환 유병률 조사 연구
A Study on the Prevalence of Cancer Disease among Aviation Workers in Korea with Aviation Medical Examination of the Years from 2013 to 2015
Abstract : Purpose: The medical certification for pilots is required by the aviation safety authority based with the aviation safety act. Methods: In this study, aeromedical decision results according to aviation medical examination of the years from 2013 to 2015 were reviewed by retrospective analysis. Results: Data from a cumulative total of 19,459 cases were screened. Of these, 15% were determined to be fit with condition. Among them, 259 were diagnosed with cancer. The ratios by cancer type are as follows: the most common cancer was thyroid cancer (39.7%), followed by gastric cancer (12.1%), kidney cancer (7.9%), colorectal cancer (7.9%), skin cancer (7.9%), prostate cancer (7.5%), lymphoma/leukemia (5.9%), lung cancer (5.0%), head and neck cancer (2.5%), and other cancers (2.5%). Conclusion: The number of aircrew with cancer tends to increase slightly every year. The most common cause of thyroid cancer seems to be due to excessive diagnostic activity.
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Original Article2022-04-30
머신러닝 알고리즘을 이용한 A형 간염 항체 여부 판별의 정확도
Diagnostic Accuracy of Machine Learning Algorithms for Hepatitis A Antibody
Abstract : Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a model for predicting the positivity of hepatitis A antibody based on nationwide health information using a machine learning technique. Methods: We used a data set that included the records of 4,626 samples. the data was randomly divided into a training set 80% (3,701) and validation set 20% (925). Customized sequential convolutional neural network (CNN) model was used to predict the positivity of hepatitis A antibody. The loss and accuracy of this model was calculated. Results: This model has 12-input and 2-concatenate and 3-dense layers. The total parameters of this model were 1,779. The accuracy quickly reached to over 85% validation accuracy in 50 epochs. The train loss, train accuracy, validation loss and validation accuracy of this model were 25.4%, 89.5%, 29.0%, and 87.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The model derived from the sequential CNN model exhibited a high level of accuracy. This model is a useful tool for predicting the positivity of hepatitis A antibody.
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Original Article2022-04-30
최근 6년간 일개 병원의 외국인 환자 현황과 코로나19의 영향
Current Status of Foreign Patients in a Hospital over the Past 6 Years and the Impact of COVID-19
Abstract : Purpose: As it becomes difficult to move between countries due to the spread of COVID-19, it can be expected that the number of foreign patients entering Korea for treatment will decrease significantly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of hospitalization of foreign patients over the past 6 years and the impact of COVID-19. Methods: The sex, age, nationality, and histories of foreign patients who visited the International Medical Center from 2016 to 2021 were collected. A total of 25,569 subjects were analyzed. Results: For six years from 2016 to 2021, the number of foreign patients increased steadily before COVID-19 but decreased significantly after COVID-19. Overall, it was analyzed that the average annual growth rate of foreign patients from 2016 to 2019 was about 6%. However, due to the impact of COVID-19, the number of patients in 2020 decreased by about 57% compared to the previous year and by about 1% in 2021 compared to the previous year. Conclusion: It is believed that the decrease in foreign patients in a situation such as Corona 19 is due not only to the risk of infection, but also to the difficulty of moving between countries. In other words, it can be said that the driving force for the movement due to the medical skill gap still exists. Therefore, if this situation improves, it is judged that the phenomenon of moving abroad in search of medical care is inevitable.
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Original Article2022-04-30
Epidemiological Aspects of Hepatitis E Virus Infections between South Korea and Japan
Abstract : Purpose: Hepatitis E outbreaks are a serious public health concern in the world. The pilots or air traffic controllers can be incapacitated by severe hepatitis symptoms. If the symptoms of acute hepatitis do not improve, it is not suitable for aviation duties. In this study, we compare of incidence status of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections, and epidemic aspects between South Korea (from here on, ‘Korea’) and Japan. Methods: The raw data on confirmed of HEV infection cases were obtained from the National Notified Disease Surveillance System of Korea Diseases Control and Prevention Agency, the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Korea, and the National Epidemiological surveillance of Infectious Diseases surveillance system, administered by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan. Statistically significant differences between the epidemiological aspects and risk factors were determined using the Pearson’s chi-squared test or paired t-test. All data analyses were performed in Microsoft Excel 2010 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA). Results: There were 191 cases of HEV infected cases with a prevalence rate (PR) of 0.37 per 100,000 populations of Korea in 2020. During the same year in Japan, there were 454 cases with a PR of 0.36. When compared, there is statistically none significantly differences. Moreover, both PR per 100,000 populations of HEV infections in habitat of two countries were compared, in the provinces (0.39) of Korea were much higher than that in capital city of Seoul (0.27; P
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Case Report2022-04-30
근시교정 유수정체 안내 렌즈 삽입술
Phakic Intraocular Lenses for Myopia
Abstract : Phakic intraocular lenses (PIOLs) are gaining popularity as an alternative to wearing spectacles for correction of myopia in patients who are not appropriate candidates for traditional corneal refractive surgery (CRS). Although the visual outcome of such a procedure is at least equivalent to traditional CRS (i.e., photorefractive keratectomy, laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis), the risks and complications are different. This risk profile must be considered when evaluating an airman with PIOLs for medical clearance. This case involves an otherwise healthy applicant for Class-3 medical certification who has had these lenses implanted for the correction of myopia.
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Case Report2022-04-30
급성 심근경색증 후 심낭 삼출 판정 사례
A Case of Pericardial Effusion after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Abstract : Pericardial effusion and subsequent cardiac tamponade are recognized as infrequent complications of a ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) causing hemodynamic instability. The cause of pericarditis is mostly idiopathic which makes up around 90% of cases. Other causes are infections caused by viruses, bacteria or tuberculosis. Other causes could include neoplasms, a connective tissue disorder, renal failure, post-myocardial infarction (also known as Dressler syndrome), open heart surgery (also known as the postpericardiotomy syndrome) and drugs. Acute myocardial infarction is a significant cause of the pilot incapacitation. Pericardial effusion after treatment for acute myocardial infarction is a factor that worsens the prognosis. I present the case of a pilot with a STEMI which was treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to proximal left circumflex artery. After PCI, the pilot went on to develop pericardial effusion with tamponade.
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