There have been many advances in Japan aviation medicine, starting with establishment of the Civil Aeronautics Act in 1952 until now. The aviation medical examination system has been periodically revised and in recent years, the age limit has been extended. As the emerging concerns about aviation safety after an aircraft accident, the Japanese aeromedical research center has been developed in earnest. This article reviews the overall situation of Japanese aviation medicine and presents the direction of Korean aviation medicine to go forth through this. There have been many advances in Japan aviation medicine, starting with establishment of the Civil Aeronautics Act in 1952 until now. The aviation medical examination system has been periodically revised and in recent years, the age limit has been extended. As the emerging concerns about aviation safety after an aircraft accident, the Japanese aeromedical research center has been developed in earnest. This article reviews the overall situation of Japanese aviation medicine and presents the direction of Korean aviation medicine to go forth through this.